Sub-committee Approval Voting and Generalised Justified Representation Axioms

Social choice is replete with various settings including single-winner voting, multi-winner voting, probabilistic voting, multiple referenda, and public decision making. We study a general model of social choice called Sub-Committee Voting (SCV) that simultaneously generalizes these settings. We then focus on sub-committee voting with approvals and propose extensions of the justified representation axioms that have been considered for proportional representation in approval-based committee voting. We study the properties and relations of these axioms. For each of the axioms, we analyse whether a representative committee exists and also examine the complexity of computing and verifying such a committee

Pentatomidae of Arkansas

A total of 30 genera and 53 species and subspecies of Pentatomidae are reported as occurring or possibly occurring in Arkansas. Fifty species and subspecies contained in 29 genera were collected or recorded from previously collected material. Based on distributional records in the literature, three additional species and one genus are listed as probably occurring in Arkansas. County and seasonal records are reported for each taxon

Soil Traversing Arthropod Populations as Sampled by Pitfall Traps in Sunflower and Three Adjacent Habitats in Northeast Arkansas

Soil traversing arthropod populations were sampled by pitfall traps in sunflower (Helianthus spp.) and three adjacent habitats during the months of July, August and September of 1980 and May, June, July and August of 1981. In1980, four varieties of sunflower (Ellar, Hybrid 670, 891 and S-345) were planted. A single variety of sunflower (Ellar) was planted in1981. The three adjacent habitats in both 1980 and 1981 were a pine stand, grass border and fence row. Of 1,748 specimens collected in 1980, 17 orders and 48 families were represented. Four orders comprised 78% of the total catch: Hymenoptera (45%), Acari (17%), Collembola(11%) and Coleoptera (5%). In 1981, 20 orders and 64 families were represented in a total of 26,693 trapped specimens. Four orders composed 88% of the total catch: Collembola (57%), Acari (14%), Hymenoptera (11%) and Homoptera (6%). Family composition and seasonal occurrence are discussed and compared for habitats sampled. Weather data are presented and discussed in relation to arthropod activit

Distribution and Seasonal Occurrence of the Scutelleridae, Corimelaenidae and Cydnidae of Arkansas

A total of 16 genera and 37 species and subspecies of Corimelaenidae, Cydnidae and Scutelleridae is recorded as occurring or possibly occurring in Arkansas. Nine species of Scutelleridae contained in six genera, 13 species and subspecies in three genera of Corimelaenidae ( =Thyreocoridae) and 15 species and subspecies of Cydnidae found in seven genera are reported as occurring or possibly occurring in Arkansas. Twenty-seven species and subspecies contained in 13 genera were collected or recorded from entomological holdings within the state. Two species in two genera were reported in the literature as occurring in Arkansas. Based on distribution records in the literature, eight species in eight genera are listed as probably occurring in the state. Seasonal occurrence and county distribution records are reported for each species and subspecies

The ectodomain of Toll-like receptor 9 is cleaved to generate a functional receptor.

Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 7, 8 and 9 initiate immune responses to infection by recognizing microbial nucleic acids; however, these responses come at the cost of potential autoimmunity owing to inappropriate recognition of self nucleic acids. The localization of TLR9 and TLR7 to intracellular compartments seems to have a role in facilitating responses to viral nucleic acids while maintaining tolerance to self nucleic acids, yet the cell biology regulating the transport and localization of these receptors remains poorly understood. Here we define the route by which TLR9 and TLR7 exit the endoplasmic reticulum and travel to endolysosomes in mouse macrophages and dendritic cells. The ectodomains of TLR9 and TLR7 are cleaved in the endolysosome, such that no full-length protein is detectable in the compartment where ligand is recognized. Notably, although both the full-length and cleaved forms of TLR9 are capable of binding ligand, only the processed form recruits MyD88 on activation, indicating that this truncated receptor, rather than the full-length form, is functional. Furthermore, conditions that prevent receptor proteolysis, including forced TLR9 surface localization, render the receptor non-functional. We propose that ectodomain cleavage represents a strategy to restrict receptor activation to endolysosomal compartments and prevent TLRs from responding to self nucleic acids

Strategyproof and Proportionally Fair Facility Location

We focus on a simple, one-dimensional collective decision problem (often referred to as the facility location problem) and explore issues of strategyproofness and proportional fairness. We present several characterization results for mechanisms that satisfy strategyproofness and varying levels of proportional fairness. We also characterize one of the mechanisms as the unique equilibrium outcome for any mechanism that satisfies natural fairness and monotonicity properties. Finally, we identify strategyproof and proportionally fair mechanisms that provide the best welfare-optimal approximation among all mechanisms that satisfy the corresponding fairness axiom